{"id":4693,"date":"2026-05-27T12:17:07","date_gmt":"2026-05-27T12:17:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/?page_id=4693"},"modified":"2026-06-05T13:02:20","modified_gmt":"2026-06-05T13:02:20","slug":"les-forets-anciennes-v2026","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/?page_id=4693","title":{"rendered":"Les for\u00eats anciennes 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4693\" class=\"elementor elementor-4693\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d748a9 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"23d748a9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68b33382 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"68b33382\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull has-parallax\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-831 has-parallax\" style=\"background-position: 50% 50%; background-image: url('https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/io-scaled.jpg');\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading alignfull has-text-align-center has-nv-site-bg-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-b0d0de1c0e206bae100a57c4dc95c78d\" style=\"border-style: none; border-width: 0px; border-radius: 0px; background-color: #782b2f7d; font-size: 58px; padding: var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);\">Observatoire des for\u00eats<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb28bb7 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cb28bb7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cfda9be hfe-nav-menu__align-justify hfe-submenu-icon-arrow hfe-submenu-animation-none hfe-link-redirect-child hfe-nav-menu__breakpoint-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-navigation-menu\" data-id=\"cfda9be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;width_dropdown_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:383,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_menu_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:15,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_menu_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_menu_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_menu_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:15,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_menu_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_menu_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_space_between&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_space_between_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_space_between_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_row_space&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_row_space_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_row_space_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;dropdown_border_radius&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;dropdown_border_radius_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;dropdown_border_radius_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;width_dropdown_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;width_dropdown_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_dropdown_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_dropdown_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_dropdown_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_dropdown_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:15,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_dropdown_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_dropdown_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;distance_from_menu&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;distance_from_menu_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;distance_from_menu_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_size&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_size_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_size_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_width&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_width_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_width_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_radius&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_radius_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_radius_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"navigation-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hfe-nav-menu hfe-layout-horizontal hfe-nav-menu-layout horizontal hfe-pointer__underline hfe-animation__fade\" data-layout=\"horizontal\">\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"button\" class=\"hfe-nav-menu__toggle elementor-clickable\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Basculer le menu\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Menu<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hfe-nav-menu-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\"  class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-align-justify\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M432 416H16a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h416a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-128H16a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h416a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-128H16a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h416a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-128H16A16 16 0 0 0 0 48v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h416a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V48a16 16 0 0 0-16-16z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<nav itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/SiteNavigationElement\" class=\"hfe-nav-menu__layout-horizontal hfe-nav-menu__submenu-arrow\" data-toggle-icon=\"&lt;svg aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; tabindex=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-align-justify&quot; viewBox=&quot;0 0 448 512&quot; xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M432 416H16a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h416a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-128H16a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h416a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-128H16a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h416a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-128H16A16 16 0 0 0 0 48v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h416a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V48a16 16 0 0 0-16-16z&quot;&gt;&lt;\/path&gt;&lt;\/svg&gt;\" data-close-icon=\"&lt;svg aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; tabindex=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-far-window-close&quot; viewBox=&quot;0 0 512 512&quot; xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M464 32H48C21.5 32 0 53.5 0 80v352c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h416c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48V80c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48zm0 394c0 3.3-2.7 6-6 6H54c-3.3 0-6-2.7-6-6V86c0-3.3 2.7-6 6-6h404c3.3 0 6 2.7 6 6v340zM356.5 194.6L295.1 256l61.4 61.4c4.6 4.6 4.6 12.1 0 16.8l-22.3 22.3c-4.6 4.6-12.1 4.6-16.8 0L256 295.1l-61.4 61.4c-4.6 4.6-12.1 4.6-16.8 0l-22.3-22.3c-4.6-4.6-4.6-12.1 0-16.8l61.4-61.4-61.4-61.4c-4.6-4.6-4.6-12.1 0-16.8l22.3-22.3c4.6-4.6 12.1-4.6 16.8 0l61.4 61.4 61.4-61.4c4.6-4.6 12.1-4.6 16.8 0l22.3 22.3c4.7 4.6 4.7 12.1 0 16.8z&quot;&gt;&lt;\/path&gt;&lt;\/svg&gt;\" data-full-width=\"yes\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-cfda9be\" class=\"hfe-nav-menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-4773\" itemprop=\"name\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a href=\"https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/?page_id=4714\" itemprop=\"url\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Indicateurs<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-4765\" itemprop=\"name\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/?page_id=4716\" itemprop=\"url\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Typologie et surface des for\u00eats<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-4769\" itemprop=\"name\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/?page_id=4724\" itemprop=\"url\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Les traitements sylvicoles<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-4768\" itemprop=\"name\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/?page_id=4725\" itemprop=\"url\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Les surfaces prot\u00e9g\u00e9es<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-4776\" itemprop=\"name\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/?page_id=4723\" itemprop=\"url\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Les \u00eelots de vieux bois<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-4772\" itemprop=\"name\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/?page_id=4693\" itemprop=\"url\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Les for\u00eats anciennes<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-4767\" itemprop=\"name\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/?page_id=4705\" itemprop=\"url\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">La certification foresti\u00e8re<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-4766\" itemprop=\"name\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a href=\"https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/?page_id=4755\" itemprop=\"url\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">\u00c9tudes<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-4771\" itemprop=\"name\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/?page_id=4529\" itemprop=\"url\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Le Pic cendr\u00e9<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-4770\" itemprop=\"name\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/?page_id=4679\" itemprop=\"url\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">La respiration des sols<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-4774\" itemprop=\"name\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/?page_id=4758\" itemprop=\"url\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Ressources<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul> \n\t\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e33bc8b e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e33bc8b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b97ad7e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b97ad7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Les for\u00eats anciennes dans le Parc national de for\u00eats<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71f0b05 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"71f0b05\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b92ef8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0b92ef8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Le Parc national de for\u00eats<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9040e9d e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9040e9d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89f1962 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"89f1962\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e09d55f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e09d55f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/foret-ancienne-removebg-e1780060795201-ro68bjn62k4g9x54lme6gh7iml6pj5hx2gnwiprxt4.png\" title=\"foret-ancienne-removebg\" alt=\"foret-ancienne-removebg\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33c5f0b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"33c5f0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">75% de for\u00eats anciennes<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2adea0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d2adea0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>75% des for\u00eats actuelles sont des for\u00eats anciennes et le reste sont des for\u00eats r\u00e9centes<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a32bbf e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1a32bbf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54cdebb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"54cdebb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/trees_freepik-r33it4t5335iqjimmnsbtdnb56r5balmel3soac9go.png\" title=\"trees_freepik\" alt=\"trees_freepik\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-009b335 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"009b335\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">94 % de for\u00eats feuillues<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4834b7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4834b7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>94 % des peuplements de for\u00eats anciennes sont compos\u00e9s exclusivement de feuillus<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c06f0f1 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c06f0f1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2913af elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2913af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/foret_publique-r34otormnlq596g4dgy14ovvofkdl9c4d19vrnnsvc.jpeg\" title=\"foret_publique\" alt=\"foret_publique\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98c9d01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"98c9d01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">77% de for\u00eats publiques<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6923ef4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6923ef4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>77 % des for\u00eats anciennes du territoire sont publiques et \u00e0 l\u2019inverse, 79 % des for\u00eats r\u00e9centes sont priv\u00e9es.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-783b191 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"783b191\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a69f036 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a69f036\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d32970d e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d32970d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a21baa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8a21baa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pr\u00e9server les for\u00eats anciennes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8280b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d8280b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">D\u00e9finition<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4656463 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4656463\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc551ce e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bc551ce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a3b223 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a3b223\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Une for\u00eat <a href=\"https:\/\/inventaire-forestier.ign.fr\/spip.php?rubrique273#FA-def\">ancienne<\/a> est une for\u00eat dont le sol est rest\u00e9 bois\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re continue depuis au moins le milieu du XIXe si\u00e8cle (autour de 1850). Bien qu\u2019elle ait pu \u00eatre exploit\u00e9e entre-temps, elle n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9e en champ, en prairie ou en zone b\u00e2tie depuis cette \u00e9poque.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Ainsi, l\u2019anciennet\u00e9 est ind\u00e9pendante de l\u2019\u00e2ge des arbres, de la composition en essences ou encore de la gestion pass\u00e9e ; ce qui compte c\u2019est la <strong><span style=\"color: #4a8a33;\">continuit\u00e9 du couvert bois\u00e9<\/span><\/strong> d\u2019un sol depuis au moins 1850 (date du minimum forestier). Diff\u00e9rentes initiatives estiment que 30% des for\u00eats m\u00e9tropolitaines seraient anciennes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e84cdc9 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e84cdc9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa3e480 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aa3e480\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ces notions sont souvent confondues, mais il est important de distinguer :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>For\u00eat ancienne : for\u00eat pr\u00e9sente sans interruption depuis au moins le milieu du XIXe si\u00e8cle.<\/li>\n<li>Vieille for\u00eat : for\u00eat contenant de tr\u00e8s vieux arbres et beaucoup de bois mort.<\/li>\n<li>For\u00eat primaire : for\u00eat jamais exploit\u00e9e par l\u2019homme.<\/li>\n<li>For\u00eat en libre \u00e9volution : for\u00eat laiss\u00e9e sans aucune intervention humaine depuis un certain temps.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46d67ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"46d67ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Concepts et identification<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e6a7e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1e6a7e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">-\tUne longue histoire foresti\u00e8re<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f16e003 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f16e003\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9949318 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9949318\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b337f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6b337f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Depuis le N\u00e9olithique, les for\u00eats ont connu de grandes phases de d\u00e9boisement et de reboisement, li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9volution des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s humaines : agriculture, \u00e9levage, exploitation du bois, d\u00e9veloppement urbain. En France, la surface foresti\u00e8re a globalement diminu\u00e9 jusqu\u2019au milieu du XIX\u1d49 si\u00e8cle. \u00c0 partir de cette p\u00e9riode \u2014 marqu\u00e9e par l\u2019industrialisation et l\u2019abandon progressif de certaines terres agricoles \u2014 la surface foresti\u00e8re a rapidement <a href=\"https:\/\/inventaire-forestier.ign.fr\/spip.php?article837\">augment\u00e9<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-535022c e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"535022c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11e1642 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11e1642\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cette \u00e9poque correspond au <strong><span style=\"color: #4a8a33;\">minimum forestier<\/span><\/strong> : la surface bois\u00e9e n\u2019avait jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 aussi faible. Ce moment charni\u00e8re sert aujourd\u2019hui de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour distinguer :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>les <strong><span style=\"color: #4a8a33;\">for\u00eats anciennes<\/span><\/strong>, d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9sentes avant ce minimum,<\/li>\n<li>les <strong><span style=\"color: #4a8a33;\">for\u00eats r\u00e9centes<\/span><\/strong>, install\u00e9es apr\u00e8s le milieu du XIX\u1d49 si\u00e8cle, et<\/li>\n<li>dans certains cas, des surfaces foresti\u00e8res qui ne sont plus pr\u00e9sentes, et donc <strong><span style=\"color: #4a8a33;\">d\u00e9bois\u00e9es<\/span><\/strong>.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14362a2 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"14362a2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-782db2f e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"782db2f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4747d7c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4747d7c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"793\" height=\"497\" src=\"https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-04-17-173501-e1780060998672.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4626\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-04-17-173501-e1780060998672.png 793w, https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-04-17-173501-e1780060998672-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-04-17-173501-e1780060998672-768x481.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 793px) 100vw, 793px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-efc807e e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"efc807e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-078ebfb e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"078ebfb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-601b195 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"601b195\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">-\tComment identifie-t-on une for\u00eat ancienne ?<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc4761d e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bc4761d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0c6fa3 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f0c6fa3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a12db0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8a12db0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/HLB_2026_ArcChat-768x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4872\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/HLB_2026_ArcChat-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/HLB_2026_ArcChat-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/HLB_2026_ArcChat-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/HLB_2026_ArcChat-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/HLB_2026_ArcChat-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc16bc3 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dc16bc3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-850fdf0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"850fdf0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L\u2019identification repose sur l\u2019\u00e9tude de la <strong>continuit\u00e9 historique du couvert forestier<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Les chercheurs croisent plusieurs sources : les cartes anciennes (notamment les cartes d\u2019\u00e9tat-major), les cadastres historiques, les archives, ou encore les donn\u00e9es foresti\u00e8res actuelles.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>En France, la r\u00e9f\u00e9rence la plus utilis\u00e9e correspond aux <strong>cartes d\u2019\u00e9tat-major r\u00e9alis\u00e9es entre 1818 et 1866<\/strong>. Si une parcelle \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 bois\u00e9e \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque et qu\u2019elle l\u2019est toujours sur les cartes foresti\u00e8res actuelles, elle est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme for\u00eat ancienne.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5935b9f e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5935b9f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf27e20 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bf27e20\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb29b08 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fb29b08\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc27024 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc27024\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Des organismes, comme l\u2019Institut national de l\u2019information g\u00e9ographique et foresti\u00e8re (IGN), ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 produire et mettre \u00e0 disposition des donn\u00e9es cartographiques des <a href=\"https:\/\/cartes.gouv.fr\/rechercher-une-donnee\/dataset\/IGNF_BD-FORETS-ANCIENNES\">for\u00eats anciennes<\/a> \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle nationale.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb5e427 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bb5e427\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-015a836 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"015a836\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pourquoi pr\u00e9server les for\u00eats anciennes ?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76832d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"76832d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les recherches scientifiques montrent que la biodiversit\u00e9 et le fonctionnement des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes forestiers sont fortement influenc\u00e9s par leur histoire. L\u2019anciennet\u00e9 du couvert forestier \u2014 le temps pendant lequel un sol est rest\u00e9 bois\u00e9 \u2014 joue donc un r\u00f4le d\u00e9terminant.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd184ee e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dd184ee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e85cb59 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e85cb59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">-\tDes refuges pour la biodiversit\u00e9<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df274ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"df274ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les sols des for\u00eats anciennes, rest\u00e9s bois\u00e9s pendant des si\u00e8cles, ont eu le temps de d\u00e9velopper une structure riche et complexe. Ils abritent des micro-organismes sp\u00e9cifiques, des r\u00e9seaux racinaires anciens et des \u00e9quilibres biologiques install\u00e9s de longue date. Ces conditions favorisent une biodiversit\u00e9 souvent plus sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6cd427a e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6cd427a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e0ac8b e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5e0ac8b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f96c13d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f96c13d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/HLB_2026_ArcChat2-768x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5002\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/HLB_2026_ArcChat2-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/HLB_2026_ArcChat2-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/HLB_2026_ArcChat2-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/HLB_2026_ArcChat2-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/HLB_2026_ArcChat2-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9e96d1 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b9e96d1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6320c2e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6320c2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les for\u00eats anciennes peuvent ainsi abriter des esp\u00e8ces qui ont besoin de stabilit\u00e9 sur le long terme. Certaines plantes, bryophytes, lichens, insectes ou champignons poss\u00e8dent des capacit\u00e9s de dispersion limit\u00e9es. Elles colonisent difficilement les for\u00eats r\u00e9centes, surtout lorsque celles-ci sont \u00e9loign\u00e9es d\u2019un massif ancien. Les for\u00eats r\u00e9centes sont au contraire caract\u00e9ris\u00e9es par des esp\u00e8ces \u00e0 forte capacit\u00e9 de colonisation. La reconstitution d\u2019une flore typique de for\u00eat ancienne apr\u00e8s une p\u00e9riode agricole est un processus long, qui peut n\u00e9cessiter plusieurs si\u00e8cles. Cette dynamique d\u00e9pend fortement du paysage environnant ; par exemple plus les for\u00eats anciennes sont proches et connect\u00e9es, plus la recolonisation est possible. Par ailleurs, de nombreuses esp\u00e8ces associ\u00e9es aux for\u00eats anciennes sont sensibles aux pratiques sylvicoles.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc3726e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fc3726e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les for\u00eats anciennes, qui ont subsist\u00e9, constituent aujourd\u2019hui des zones de biodiversit\u00e9 importantes. Pr\u00e9server ces for\u00eats, c\u2019est garantir le maintien \u00e0 long terme d\u2019esp\u00e8ces sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es et parfois discr\u00e8tes, mais essentielles au fonctionnement des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes forestiers.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0648c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b0648c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">-\tUne m\u00e9moire vivante du paysage<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e98298 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e98298\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les for\u00eats anciennes racontent l\u2019histoire du territoire. On y retrouve parfois les traces d\u2019anciens usages forestiers, d\u2019activit\u00e9s agro-pastorales, d\u2019anciennes limites cadastrales, de chemins historiques ou d\u2019anciens sites d\u2019habitation. Elles constituent ainsi \u00e0 la fois un <strong><span style=\"color: #4a8a33;\">patrimoine naturel<\/strong> et un <strong><span style=\"color: #4a8a33;\">patrimoine culturel<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Les usages pass\u00e9s des terres laissent une empreinte durable dans les sols. Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s physiques, chimiques et biologiques peuvent \u00eatre modifi\u00e9es pendant des si\u00e8cles. Cela peut influencer la composition de la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation, la biodiversit\u00e9 foresti\u00e8re, ou encore le fonctionnement global de l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me. Par exemple, d\u2019anciennes pratiques agricoles ou pastorales ont souvent enrichi les sols en azote et en phosphore. Il en r\u00e9sulte une vitesse de croissance et une productivit\u00e9 plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e en for\u00eat r\u00e9cente qu\u2019en for\u00eat ancienne. L\u2019anciennet\u00e9 du couvert forestier influence \u00e9galement les capacit\u00e9s de stockage de carbone dans les sols et la biomasse, un enjeu majeur dans le contexte actuel de changement climatique.<\/p>\n<p>Les paysages forestiers conservent la m\u00e9moire de ces usages anciens \u00e0 travers de nombreux indices visibles ou invisibles. Mieux conna\u00eetre cette histoire permet de mieux comprendre la biodiversit\u00e9 actuelle, d\u2019expliquer certaines diff\u00e9rences entre massifs voisins, et d\u2019adapter les pratiques de gestion. Comprendre le pass\u00e9 des for\u00eats, c\u2019est \u00e9galement mieux anticiper leur avenir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-411de05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"411de05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Les for\u00eats anciennes de notre territoire<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce11d42 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ce11d42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La surface foresti\u00e8re du Parc national de for\u00eats \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 importante au milieu du XIX\u1d49 si\u00e8cle. Depuis cette \u00e9poque, elle a l\u00e9g\u00e8rement progress\u00e9, passant d\u2019environ <strong><span style=\"color: #4a8a33;\">42 % du territoire \u00e0 53 % aujourd\u2019hui<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>La surface foresti\u00e8re est pass\u00e9e de 100\u202f561 ha (42 %) au milieu du XIX\u1d49 si\u00e8cle \u00e0 128\u202f207 ha (53 %) aujourd\u2019hui.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf838d5 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cf838d5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5919d6b e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5919d6b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abefcd2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"abefcd2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>For\u00eats du milieu du XIXe si\u00e8cle aujourd\u2019hui d\u00e9bois\u00e9es 4 028 ha (4% des for\u00eats pr\u00e9sentes au milieu du XIXe si\u00e8cle)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc63029 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bc63029\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b2c2fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7b2c2fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>For\u00eats anciennes 96 532 ha (75% des for\u00eats actuelles)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1817f3 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d1817f3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8beb8e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8beb8e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>For\u00eats r\u00e9centes (non pr\u00e9sentes au XIXe si\u00e8cle) 31 675 ha (25% des for\u00eats actuelles)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b0a0e9 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4b0a0e9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21f498f elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"21f498f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"https:\/\/macarte.ign.fr\/carte\/xEfeN6\/Foret-ancienne\" width=\"100%\" height=\"480px\" allow=\"geolocation clipboard-read; clipboard-write\"><\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dafc0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3dafc0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cette \u00e9volution s\u2019explique principalement par le maintien de la grande majorit\u00e9 des for\u00eats pr\u00e9sentes au XIX\u1d49 si\u00e8cle. Seuls <strong><span style=\"color: #4a8a33;\">4 % des for\u00eats de l\u2019\u00e9poque ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9bois\u00e9s<\/strong>, et de nouveaux espaces forestiers se sont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s, notamment sous l\u2019effet de la d\u00e9prise agricole. Aujourd\u2019hui, les for\u00eats anciennes repr\u00e9sentent <strong><span style=\"color: #4a8a33;\">pr\u00e8s des trois quarts de la surface foresti\u00e8re actuelle<\/strong>, ce qui t\u00e9moigne d\u2019une continuit\u00e9 foresti\u00e8re exceptionnelle.<\/p>\n<p>Le territoire du Parc national de for\u00eats se distingue donc par un <strong><span style=\"color: #4a8a33;\">couvert forestier global \u00e9lev\u00e9<\/strong> et un <strong><span style=\"color: #4a8a33;\">taux de for\u00eats anciennes particuli\u00e8rement important<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Cette combinaison fait du territoire un espace remarquable pour la conservation des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes forestiers et de leur biodiversit\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c69240 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1c69240\" 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       data-settings=\"[]\"\n        style=\"height: 350px;\"\n    >\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<script>\n    (function($) {\n        'use strict';\n        $(document).ready(function() {\n            if (window.graphinaColumnChart && typeof window.graphinaColumnChart.observeChartElement === 'function') {\n                window.graphinaColumnChart.observeChartElement($('.graphina-elementor-chart[data-element_id=\"0214d52\"]'), 'bar');\n            }\n        });\n    })(jQuery);\n<\/script>\t<div class=\"graphina-filter-notext graphina-0214d52-notext\" style=\"display: none; height:350px; align-content:center\">\n\t\t<p class=\"graphina-filter-notext\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\n\t\t\tNo Data Found\t\t<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91b5854 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"91b5854\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>R\u00e9partition des essences au sein des for\u00eats anciennes et r\u00e9centes (en pourcentage de la surface).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-100dd4f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"100dd4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p\">Sur le territoire du Parc national de for\u00eats, la for\u00eat est naturellement domin\u00e9e par des essences feuillues. Les peuplements r\u00e9sineux ont, pour la plupart, \u00e9t\u00e9 introduits par plantation, principalement \u00e0 la fin du XIX\u1d49 si\u00e8cle puis entre les ann\u00e9es 1950 et 1970.<\/p>\nSeul le <strong><span style=\"color: #4a8a33;\">pin sylvestre<\/strong> s\u2019est largement naturalis\u00e9. Il se r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e8re localement et pourrait m\u00eame \u00eatre autochtone dans certains secteurs. On le voit notamment s\u2019installer spontan\u00e9ment sur des terrains d\u00e9laiss\u00e9s par l\u2019agriculture, y compris d\u2019anciens vignobles.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0faf31d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0faf31d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Aujourd\u2019hui, <strong><span style=\"color: #4a8a33;\">84,2 % des peuplements forestiers<\/strong> (anciens et r\u00e9cents confondus) sont domin\u00e9s par une ou plusieurs essences feuillues, et seulement <strong><span style=\"color: #4a8a33;\">9,4 %<\/strong> pr\u00e9sentent un m\u00e9lange de feuillus\u2013r\u00e9sineux. Mais cette r\u00e9partition varie fortement selon l\u2019anciennet\u00e9 des for\u00eats. En<strong><span style=\"color: #4a8a33;\"> for\u00eats anciennes, 94 % des peuplements sont compos\u00e9s exclusivement de feuillus<\/strong>. En for\u00eat r\u00e9centes, seulement\u00a0<strong><span style=\"color: #4a8a33;\">56 %<\/strong>\u00a0sont constitu\u00e9es de feuillus purs.<\/p>\n<p>Les for\u00eats anciennes conservent donc majoritairement leur caract\u00e8re feuillu naturel. \u00c0 l\u2019inverse, les for\u00eats r\u00e9centes refl\u00e8tent davantage les choix de plantations pass\u00e9es, notamment en r\u00e9sineux. Cette diff\u00e9rence de composition peut influencer la structure des peuplements, les habitats disponibles, la biodiversit\u00e9 associ\u00e9e, et le fonctionnement \u00e9cologique des for\u00eats.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56e9d64 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"56e9d64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38c08e9 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"38c08e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sur le territoire du Parc national de for\u00eats, les for\u00eats publiques repr\u00e9sentent <strong><span style=\"color: #4a8a33;\">63 % de la surface foresti\u00e8re<\/span><\/strong> du p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre d\u2019\u00e9tude. L\u2019anciennet\u00e9 des for\u00eats varie fortement selon leur statut de propri\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #4a8a33;\">77 % des for\u00eats anciennes<\/strong> du territoire sont publiques.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c0 l\u2019inverse, <strong><span style=\"color: #4a8a33;\">79 % des for\u00eats r\u00e9centes<\/span><\/strong> sont priv\u00e9es.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ces chiffres illustrent combien l\u2019histoire fonci\u00e8re et les dynamiques agricoles ont fa\u00e7onn\u00e9 le paysage forestier actuel.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e3a7f6 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9e3a7f6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4049dbb elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-column_chart\" data-id=\"4049dbb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"column_chart.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"chart-card\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"heading graphina-chart-heading\">\n\t\t\t\tR\u00e9partition des for\u00eats\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n<div class=\"chart-box\">\n    <div class=\"graphina-elementor-chart \"\n        data-chart_type=\"column\"\n        data-element_id=\"4049dbb\"\n        data-chart_options=\"{&quot;series&quot;:[{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;For\\u00eats domaniales&quot;,&quot;data&quot;:[31,3],&quot;yaxis&quot;:0},{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;For\\u00eats communales&quot;,&quot;data&quot;:[46,18],&quot;yaxis&quot;:0},{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;For\\u00eats 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       data-settings=\"[]\"\n        style=\"height: 350px;\"\n    >\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<script>\n    (function($) {\n        'use strict';\n        $(document).ready(function() {\n            if (window.graphinaColumnChart && typeof window.graphinaColumnChart.observeChartElement === 'function') {\n                window.graphinaColumnChart.observeChartElement($('.graphina-elementor-chart[data-element_id=\"4049dbb\"]'), 'bar');\n            }\n        });\n    })(jQuery);\n<\/script>\t<div class=\"graphina-filter-notext graphina-4049dbb-notext\" style=\"display: none; height:350px; align-content:center\">\n\t\t<p class=\"graphina-filter-notext\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\n\t\t\tNo Data Found\t\t<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6333997 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6333997\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Des for\u00eats anciennes plus pr\u00e9sentes en for\u00eats publiques qu\u2019en for\u00eats priv\u00e9es.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5eea48c e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5eea48c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b8f386 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2b8f386\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dans les for\u00eats domaniales, le taux d\u2019anciennet\u00e9 atteint <strong>97 %<\/strong>. Ce chiffre tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9 s\u2019explique par un h\u00e9ritage historique important (anciennes for\u00eats ducales, royales, seigneuriales ou monastiques), et une forte continuit\u00e9 du couvert forestier au fil des si\u00e8cles. Les rares for\u00eats r\u00e9centes en domaine public correspondent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement \u00e0 d\u2019anciennes emprises agricoles ou \u00e0 des fermes abandonn\u00e9es au c\u0153ur des massifs.<\/p>\n<p>Les for\u00eats communales pr\u00e9sentent elles aussi une forte proportion de for\u00eats anciennes (89%). Elles partagent souvent une histoire similaire aux for\u00eats domaniales, mais ont parfois connu d\u2019autres usages, comme le p\u00e2turage, qui ont pu localement ouvrir les milieux. Le taux d\u2019anciennet\u00e9 y est donc l\u00e9g\u00e8rement plus faible que dans les for\u00eats domaniales.<\/p>\n<p>Dans les for\u00eats priv\u00e9es, le taux d\u2019anciennet\u00e9 est proche de <strong>50 %<\/strong>. La situation y est plus contrast\u00e9e, car si les grandes propri\u00e9t\u00e9s abritent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des for\u00eats anciennes, la micropropri\u00e9t\u00e9, quant \u00e0 elle, est majoritairement constitu\u00e9e de for\u00eats r\u00e9centes, issues de la d\u00e9prise agricole.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e793332 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e793332\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4cade9a e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4cade9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc8e682 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cc8e682\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6c22 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"97f6c22\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4af5bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d4af5bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Source de donn\u00e9es<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52a3802 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"52a3802\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les donn\u00e9es sur le territoire du Parc national de for\u00eats ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9termin\u00e9es \u00e0 partir des couches g\u00e9ographiques des for\u00eats fournies par l\u2019IGN (BD TOPO, BD CARTO\u00a0\u00c9tat-major) et l\u2019ONF.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3d5143 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b3d5143\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1ffe81 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b1ffe81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u00e9rim\u00e8tre de l'observatoire des for\u00eats<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0864e41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0864e41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Un parc national est compos\u00e9 de deux parties : le<strong> C\u0153ur<\/strong> r\u00e9glement\u00e9 et le territoire de projet, appel\u00e9 <strong>aire d\u2019adh\u00e9sion<\/strong>. Le territoire hors c\u0153ur des communes non adh\u00e9rentes ne figure pas dans le Parc national.\u00a0Toutefois, comme les communes non adh\u00e9rentes peuvent choisir d\u2019adh\u00e9rer progressivement, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 retenu pour le pr\u00e9sent observatoire de distinguer seulement (1) le <strong>C\u0153ur r\u00e9glement\u00e9<\/strong> et (2) <strong>l\u2019aire optimale d\u2019adh\u00e9sion<\/strong> (AOA) couvrant le territoire de 127 communes. Ce choix permet de suivre des dynamiques de long terme \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle de l\u2019ensemble du territoire. Le p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre g\u00e9ographique de mesure des indicateurs de l\u2019observatoire restera stable dans la dur\u00e9e.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9477fd8 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9477fd8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9586801 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"9586801\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bibliographie-ressources\">\r\n\r\n  <style>\r\n    :root {\r\n      --bordeaux: #772b2f;\r\n      --bordeaux-pale: #f5eced;\r\n\r\n      --vert: #2f8927;\r\n      --vert-clair: #bfcc80;\r\n      --vert-clair-pale: #f3f6e6;\r\n\r\n      --jaune: #f4da40;\r\n      --jaune-pale: #fdfbe8;\r\n\r\n      --beige: #e5ddd8;\r\n\r\n      --texte: #2a1a1b;\r\n      --texte-2: #6b4e50;\r\n      --texte-3: #a48880;\r\n\r\n      --blanc: #ffffff;\r\n\r\n      --radius-lg: 12px;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .bibliographie-ressources {\r\n      font-family: \"DM Sans\", sans-serif;\r\n      color: var(--texte);\r\n      max-width: 1200px;\r\n      margin: auto;\r\n      padding: 1rem 1rem 3rem;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .bibliographie-ressources h1 {\r\n      color: var(--vert);\r\n      font-family: \"Chivo\", sans-serif;\r\n      font-size: 55px;\r\n      font-weight: 700;\r\n      text-align: center;\r\n      margin: 0 0 3rem 0;\r\n      line-height: 1.2;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .section {\r\n      margin-bottom: 3rem;\r\n      padding-top: 0.5rem;\r\n      border-top: 4px solid transparent;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .cat-1 { border-color: var(--vert); }\r\n    .cat-2 { border-color: var(--bordeaux); }\r\n    .cat-3 { border-color: var(--vert-clair); }\r\n    .cat-4 { border-color: var(--jaune); }\r\n\r\n    .section-head {\r\n      display: flex;\r\n      align-items: flex-start;\r\n      gap: 14px;\r\n      margin-bottom: 1.5rem;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .section-stripe {\r\n      width: 6px;\r\n      min-width: 6px;\r\n      min-height: 58px;\r\n      border-radius: 4px;\r\n      flex-shrink: 0;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .cat-1 .section-stripe { background: var(--vert); }\r\n    .cat-2 .section-stripe { background: var(--bordeaux); }\r\n    .cat-3 .section-stripe { background: var(--vert-clair); }\r\n    .cat-4 .section-stripe { background: var(--jaune); }\r\n\r\n    .section-text {\r\n      flex: 1;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .section-text h2 {\r\n      margin: 0 0 0.35rem 0;\r\n      font-size: 1.35rem;\r\n      font-weight: 700;\r\n      line-height: 1.3;\r\n      color: var(--texte);\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .section-text p {\r\n      margin: 0;\r\n      font-size: 0.97rem;\r\n      line-height: 1.55;\r\n      color: #222222;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .cards-grid {\r\n      display: grid;\r\n      grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n      gap: 1rem;\r\n      align-items: stretch;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    @media (min-width: 620px) {\r\n      .cards-grid {\r\n        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    @media (min-width: 980px) {\r\n      .cards-grid {\r\n        grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .card {\r\n      background: var(--blanc);\r\n      border: 1.5px solid var(--beige);\r\n      border-radius: var(--radius-lg);\r\n\r\n      padding: 1.1rem 1.2rem;\r\n\r\n      display: flex;\r\n      flex-direction: column;\r\n      justify-content: space-between;\r\n\r\n      text-decoration: none;\r\n      color: inherit;\r\n\r\n      transition:\r\n        border-color 0.25s ease,\r\n        background 0.25s ease,\r\n        box-shadow 0.25s ease,\r\n        transform 0.2s ease;\r\n\r\n      min-height: 100%;\r\n      box-sizing: border-box;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .card:hover {\r\n      transform: translateY(-2px);\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .cat-1 .card:hover {\r\n      border-color: var(--vert);\r\n      background: var(--vert-clair-pale);\r\n      box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(47,137,39,0.14);\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .cat-2 .card:hover {\r\n      border-color: var(--bordeaux);\r\n      background: var(--bordeaux-pale);\r\n      box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(119,43,47,0.14);\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .cat-3 .card:hover {\r\n      border-color: var(--vert-clair);\r\n      background: var(--vert-clair-pale);\r\n      box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(191,204,128,0.22);\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .cat-4 .card:hover {\r\n      border-color: var(--jaune);\r\n      background: var(--jaune-pale);\r\n      box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(244,218,64,0.22);\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .card h3 {\r\n      margin: 0 0 0.65rem 0;\r\n      font-size: 1.08rem;\r\n      line-height: 1.35;\r\n      font-weight: 700;\r\n      color: var(--texte);\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .card p {\r\n      margin: 0 0 1rem 0;\r\n      font-size: 0.95rem;\r\n      line-height: 1.5;\r\n      color: var(--texte-2);\r\n      flex-grow: 1;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .card-url {\r\n      font-size: 0.83rem;\r\n      color: var(--texte-3);\r\n\r\n      white-space: nowrap;\r\n      overflow: hidden;\r\n      text-overflow: ellipsis;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n  <\/style>\r\n\r\n  <h1>Bibliographie et ressources utiles<\/h1>\r\n\r\n  <!-- ====================================== -->\r\n  <!-- RESSOURCES INSTITUTIONNELLES -->\r\n  <!-- ====================================== -->\r\n\r\n  <section class=\"section cat-1\">\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"section-head\">\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"section-stripe\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"section-text\">\r\n\r\n        <h2>Ressources institutionnelles<\/h2>\r\n\r\n        <p>\r\n          Ressources propos\u00e9es par des organismes publics, institutionnels ou de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence permettant d\u2019apporter un cadre g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, r\u00e9glementaire ou scientifique \u00e0 cette th\u00e9matique.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"cards-grid\">\r\n\r\n      <a class=\"card\"\r\n         href=\"https:\/\/observatoire.foret.gouv.fr\/actualites\/la-carte-des-forets-anciennes-de-la-france-metropolitaine\"\r\n         target=\"_blank\"\r\n         rel=\"noopener\">\r\n\r\n        <div>\r\n\r\n          <h3>La carte des for\u00eats anciennes de la France m\u00e9tropolitaine<\/h3>\r\n\r\n          <p>\r\n            Pr\u00e9sentation institutionnelle de la cartographie nationale des for\u00eats anciennes et des enjeux associ\u00e9s \u00e0 leur pr\u00e9servation.\r\n          <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <span class=\"card-url\">observatoire.foret.gouv.fr<\/span>\r\n\r\n      <\/a>\r\n\r\n      <a class=\"card\"\r\n         href=\"https:\/\/www.parcsnationaux.fr\/fr\/des-connaissances\/foret\/les-forets-anciennes\"\r\n         target=\"_blank\"\r\n         rel=\"noopener\">\r\n\r\n        <div>\r\n\r\n          <h3>Les for\u00eats anciennes \u2013 Parcs nationaux de France<\/h3>\r\n\r\n          <p>\r\n            Pr\u00e9sentation des caract\u00e9ristiques \u00e9cologiques des for\u00eats anciennes et de leur int\u00e9r\u00eat pour la biodiversit\u00e9 foresti\u00e8re.\r\n          <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <span class=\"card-url\">parcsnationaux.fr<\/span>\r\n\r\n      <\/a>\r\n\r\n      <a class=\"card\"\r\n         href=\"https:\/\/www.cnpf.fr\/gestion-durable-des-forets\/multifonctionnalite\/anciennete-de-l-etat-boise\"\r\n         target=\"_blank\"\r\n         rel=\"noopener\">\r\n\r\n        <div>\r\n\r\n          <h3>Anciennet\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9tat bois\u00e9 \u2013 CNPF<\/h3>\r\n\r\n          <p>\r\n            Ressource du CNPF consacr\u00e9e \u00e0 la notion d\u2019anciennet\u00e9 foresti\u00e8re et \u00e0 son r\u00f4le dans la gestion durable des for\u00eats.\r\n          <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <span class=\"card-url\">cnpf.fr<\/span>\r\n\r\n      <\/a>\r\n\r\n      <a class=\"card\"\r\n         href=\"https:\/\/cartes.gouv.fr\/aide\/fr\/partenaires\/ign\/generalites-ign\/actualites\/2025-06-forets-subnaturelles\/\"\r\n         target=\"_blank\"\r\n         rel=\"noopener\">\r\n\r\n        <div>\r\n\r\n          <h3>For\u00eats subnaturelles \u2013 IGN<\/h3>\r\n\r\n          <p>\r\n            Pr\u00e9sentation des travaux r\u00e9cents de l\u2019IGN relatifs \u00e0 l\u2019identification et \u00e0 la cartographie des for\u00eats subnaturelles.\r\n          <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <span class=\"card-url\">cartes.gouv.fr<\/span>\r\n\r\n      <\/a>\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <\/section>\r\n\r\n  <!-- ====================================== -->\r\n  <!-- DOCUMENTS TECHNIQUES -->\r\n  <!-- ====================================== -->\r\n\r\n  <section class=\"section cat-2\">\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"section-head\">\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"section-stripe\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"section-text\">\r\n\r\n        <h2>Documents et r\u00e9f\u00e9rentiels techniques<\/h2>\r\n\r\n        <p>\r\n          Rapports, \u00e9tudes, r\u00e9f\u00e9rentiels et publications techniques permettant d\u2019approfondir les connaissances et d\u2019acc\u00e9der aux documents de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence li\u00e9s \u00e0 cette th\u00e9matique.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"cards-grid\">\r\n\r\n      <a class=\"card\"\r\n         href=\"https:\/\/inventaire-forestier.ign.fr\/IMG\/pdf\/lif_fa_v2_avril2021.pdf\"\r\n         target=\"_blank\"\r\n         rel=\"noopener\">\r\n\r\n        <div>\r\n\r\n          <h3>Les indicateurs de for\u00eats anciennes \u2013 IGN<\/h3>\r\n\r\n          <p>\r\n            Document m\u00e9thodologique pr\u00e9sentant les crit\u00e8res et indicateurs utilis\u00e9s pour caract\u00e9riser les for\u00eats anciennes.\r\n          <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <span class=\"card-url\">inventaire-forestier.ign.fr<\/span>\r\n\r\n      <\/a>\r\n\r\n      <a class=\"card\"\r\n         href=\"https:\/\/inventaire-forestier.ign.fr\/spip.php?rubrique273#FA-def\"\r\n         target=\"_blank\"\r\n         rel=\"noopener\">\r\n\r\n        <div>\r\n\r\n          <h3>D\u00e9finition des for\u00eats anciennes \u2013 IGN<\/h3>\r\n\r\n          <p>\r\n            Pr\u00e9sentation des d\u00e9finitions et des approches retenues par l\u2019IGN pour l\u2019identification des for\u00eats anciennes.\r\n          <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <span class=\"card-url\">inventaire-forestier.ign.fr<\/span>\r\n\r\n      <\/a>\r\n\r\n      <a class=\"card\"\r\n         href=\"http:\/\/www.gip-ecofor.org\/cartofora\/enjeux-autour-des-forets-anciennes\/\"\r\n         target=\"_blank\"\r\n         rel=\"noopener\">\r\n\r\n        <div>\r\n\r\n          <h3>Enjeux autour des for\u00eats anciennes<\/h3>\r\n\r\n          <p>\r\n            Analyse des enjeux scientifiques, \u00e9cologiques et territoriaux associ\u00e9s aux for\u00eats anciennes en France.\r\n          <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <span class=\"card-url\">gip-ecofor.org<\/span>\r\n\r\n      <\/a>\r\n\r\n      <a class=\"card\"\r\n         href=\"https:\/\/www.parcsnationaux.fr\/sites\/parcsnationaux.fr\/files\/documents\/downloads\/foret_ancienne_gip_web2.pdf\"\r\n         target=\"_blank\"\r\n         rel=\"noopener\">\r\n\r\n        <div>\r\n\r\n          <h3>Les for\u00eats anciennes \u2013 dossier scientifique<\/h3>\r\n\r\n          <p>\r\n            Dossier consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019histoire, \u00e0 la biodiversit\u00e9 et aux enjeux de conservation des for\u00eats anciennes.\r\n          <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <span class=\"card-url\">parcsnationaux.fr<\/span>\r\n\r\n      <\/a>\r\n\r\n      <a class=\"card\"\r\n         href=\"https:\/\/www.parcsnationaux.fr\/sites\/parcsnationaux.fr\/files\/documents\/downloads\/foret_ancienne_generale_web2.pdf\"\r\n         target=\"_blank\"\r\n         rel=\"noopener\">\r\n\r\n        <div>\r\n\r\n          <h3>For\u00eats anciennes \u2013 document de synth\u00e8se<\/h3>\r\n\r\n          <p>\r\n            Publication p\u00e9dagogique et scientifique pr\u00e9sentant les principales caract\u00e9ristiques des for\u00eats anciennes.\r\n          <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <span class=\"card-url\">parcsnationaux.fr<\/span>\r\n\r\n      <\/a>\r\n\r\n      <a class=\"card\"\r\n         href=\"https:\/\/www.cnpf.fr\/sites\/socle\/files\/cnpf-old\/293973_bgf_distrafor_plaquette_1.pdf\"\r\n         target=\"_blank\"\r\n         rel=\"noopener\">\r\n\r\n        <div>\r\n\r\n          <h3>For\u00eats anciennes et biodiversit\u00e9 foresti\u00e8re<\/h3>\r\n\r\n          <p>\r\n            Plaquette technique consacr\u00e9e aux liens entre anciennet\u00e9 foresti\u00e8re et diversit\u00e9 biologique.\r\n          <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <span class=\"card-url\">cnpf.fr<\/span>\r\n\r\n      <\/a>\r\n\r\n      <a class=\"card\"\r\n         href=\"https:\/\/revueforestierefrancaise.agroparistech.fr\/article\/view\/5467\"\r\n         target=\"_blank\"\r\n         rel=\"noopener\">\r\n\r\n        <div>\r\n\r\n          <h3>Les for\u00eats anciennes : enjeux et connaissances<\/h3>\r\n\r\n          <p>\r\n            Article scientifique pr\u00e9sentant l\u2019\u00e9tat des connaissances sur les for\u00eats anciennes et leur fonctionnement \u00e9cologique.\r\n          <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <span class=\"card-url\">revueforestierefrancaise.agroparistech.fr<\/span>\r\n\r\n      <\/a>\r\n\r\n      <a class=\"card\"\r\n         href=\"https:\/\/revueforestierefrancaise.agroparistech.fr\/article\/view\/5468\"\r\n         target=\"_blank\"\r\n         rel=\"noopener\">\r\n\r\n        <div>\r\n\r\n          <h3>For\u00eats anciennes et biodiversit\u00e9<\/h3>\r\n\r\n          <p>\r\n            Analyse scientifique des relations entre anciennet\u00e9 foresti\u00e8re, habitats et biodiversit\u00e9 associ\u00e9e.\r\n          <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <span class=\"card-url\">revueforestierefrancaise.agroparistech.fr<\/span>\r\n\r\n      <\/a>\r\n\r\n      <a class=\"card\"\r\n         href=\"https:\/\/obv-na.fr\/ofsa\/ressources\/dispositifs\/forets-anciennes\/docs\/Projets_existants\/Massif_Central\/renaux_villemey_2016_Forets_anciennes_Massif_central_2016_RAPPORT_X28113.pdf\"\r\n         target=\"_blank\"\r\n         rel=\"noopener\">\r\n\r\n        <div>\r\n\r\n          <h3>Les for\u00eats anciennes du Massif central<\/h3>\r\n\r\n          <p>\r\n            Rapport technique consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019identification et \u00e0 la cartographie des for\u00eats anciennes du Massif central.\r\n          <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <span class=\"card-url\">obv-na.fr<\/span>\r\n\r\n      <\/a>\r\n\r\n      <a class=\"card\"\r\n         href=\"https:\/\/infodoc.agroparistech.fr\/visionneuse.php?lvl=afficheur&explnum=5144#page\/6\/mode\/1up\"\r\n         target=\"_blank\"\r\n         rel=\"noopener\">\r\n\r\n        <div>\r\n\r\n          <h3>For\u00eats anciennes et naturalit\u00e9 foresti\u00e8re<\/h3>\r\n\r\n          <p>\r\n            Document d\u2019analyse consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 la naturalit\u00e9 foresti\u00e8re et aux continuit\u00e9s \u00e9cologiques des vieux massifs bois\u00e9s.\r\n          <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <span class=\"card-url\">agroparistech.fr<\/span>\r\n\r\n      <\/a>\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <\/section>\r\n\r\n  <!-- ====================================== -->\r\n  <!-- DONN\u00c9ES ET OUTILS -->\r\n  <!-- ====================================== -->\r\n\r\n  <section class=\"section cat-3\">\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"section-head\">\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"section-stripe\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"section-text\">\r\n\r\n        <h2>Donn\u00e9es et outils<\/h2>\r\n\r\n        <p>\r\n          Bases de donn\u00e9es, observatoires, indicateurs et outils permettant de suivre les \u00e9volutions, d\u2019explorer les donn\u00e9es disponibles et d\u2019\u00e9clairer les analyses sur cette th\u00e9matique.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"cards-grid\">\r\n\r\n      <a class=\"card\"\r\n         href=\"https:\/\/projets.cbnmc.fr\/forets\/actions\/boite-outils-identifier-caracteriser\"\r\n         target=\"_blank\"\r\n         rel=\"noopener\">\r\n\r\n        <div>\r\n\r\n          <h3>Bo\u00eete \u00e0 outils \u2013 identifier et caract\u00e9riser les for\u00eats anciennes<\/h3>\r\n\r\n          <p>\r\n            Ensemble de ressources et d\u2019outils m\u00e9thodologiques destin\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019identification des for\u00eats anciennes.\r\n          <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <span class=\"card-url\">cbnmc.fr<\/span>\r\n\r\n      <\/a>\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <\/section>\r\n\r\n  <!-- ====================================== -->\r\n  <!-- POUR ALLER PLUS LOIN -->\r\n  <!-- ====================================== -->\r\n\r\n  <section class=\"section cat-4\">\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"section-head\">\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"section-stripe\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"section-text\">\r\n\r\n        <h2>Pour aller plus loin<\/h2>\r\n\r\n        <p>\r\n          S\u00e9lection d\u2019articles, podcasts, guides et contenus p\u00e9dagogiques permettant d\u2019explorer cette th\u00e9matique sous diff\u00e9rents angles et d\u2019en approfondir les enjeux.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"cards-grid\">\r\n\r\n      <a class=\"card\"\r\n         href=\"https:\/\/mab-france.org\/workspace\/\/uploads\/actualites\/bilan-2011.pdf\"\r\n         target=\"_blank\"\r\n         rel=\"noopener\">\r\n\r\n        <div>\r\n\r\n          <h3>Bilan sur les for\u00eats anciennes \u2013 MAB France<\/h3>\r\n\r\n          <p>\r\n            Document de synth\u00e8se revenant sur les actions et r\u00e9flexions autour des for\u00eats anciennes et de leur pr\u00e9servation.\r\n          <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <span class=\"card-url\">mab-france.org<\/span>\r\n\r\n      <\/a>\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <\/section>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Menu Indicateurs Typologie et surface des for\u00eats Les traitements sylvicoles Les surfaces prot\u00e9g\u00e9es Les \u00eelots de vieux bois Les for\u00eats anciennes La certification foresti\u00e8re \u00c9tudes Le Pic cendr\u00e9 La respiration des sols Ressources Les for\u00eats anciennes dans le Parc national de for\u00eats Le Parc national de for\u00eats 75% de for\u00eats anciennes 75% des for\u00eats actuelles sont des for\u00eats anciennes et le reste sont des for\u00eats r\u00e9centes 94 % de for\u00eats feuillues 94 % des peuplements de for\u00eats anciennes sont compos\u00e9s exclusivement de feuillus 77% de for\u00eats publiques 77 % des for\u00eats anciennes du territoire sont publiques et \u00e0 l\u2019inverse, 79 % des for\u00eats r\u00e9centes sont priv\u00e9es. Pr\u00e9server les for\u00eats anciennes D\u00e9finition Une for\u00eat ancienne est une for\u00eat dont le sol est rest\u00e9 bois\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re continue depuis au moins le milieu du XIXe si\u00e8cle (autour de 1850). Bien qu\u2019elle ait pu \u00eatre exploit\u00e9e entre-temps, elle n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9e en champ, en prairie ou en zone b\u00e2tie depuis cette \u00e9poque.\u00a0 Ainsi, l\u2019anciennet\u00e9 est ind\u00e9pendante de l\u2019\u00e2ge des arbres, de la composition en essences ou encore de la gestion pass\u00e9e ; ce qui compte c\u2019est la continuit\u00e9 du couvert bois\u00e9 d\u2019un sol depuis au moins 1850 (date du minimum forestier). Diff\u00e9rentes initiatives estiment que 30% des for\u00eats m\u00e9tropolitaines seraient anciennes. Ces notions sont souvent confondues, mais il est important de distinguer : For\u00eat ancienne : for\u00eat pr\u00e9sente sans interruption depuis au moins le milieu du XIXe si\u00e8cle. Vieille for\u00eat : for\u00eat contenant de tr\u00e8s vieux arbres et beaucoup de bois mort. For\u00eat primaire : for\u00eat jamais exploit\u00e9e par l\u2019homme. For\u00eat en libre \u00e9volution : for\u00eat laiss\u00e9e sans aucune intervention humaine depuis un certain temps. Concepts et identification &#8211; Une longue histoire foresti\u00e8re Depuis le N\u00e9olithique, les for\u00eats ont connu de grandes phases de d\u00e9boisement et de reboisement, li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9volution des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s humaines : agriculture, \u00e9levage, exploitation du bois, d\u00e9veloppement urbain. En France, la surface foresti\u00e8re a globalement diminu\u00e9 jusqu\u2019au milieu du XIX\u1d49 si\u00e8cle. \u00c0 partir de cette p\u00e9riode \u2014 marqu\u00e9e par l\u2019industrialisation et l\u2019abandon progressif de certaines terres agricoles \u2014 la surface foresti\u00e8re a rapidement augment\u00e9. Cette \u00e9poque correspond au minimum forestier : la surface bois\u00e9e n\u2019avait jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 aussi faible. Ce moment charni\u00e8re sert aujourd\u2019hui de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour distinguer : les for\u00eats anciennes, d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9sentes avant ce minimum, les for\u00eats r\u00e9centes, install\u00e9es apr\u00e8s le milieu du XIX\u1d49 si\u00e8cle, et dans certains cas, des surfaces foresti\u00e8res qui ne sont plus pr\u00e9sentes, et donc d\u00e9bois\u00e9es. &#8211; Comment identifie-t-on une for\u00eat ancienne ? L\u2019identification repose sur l\u2019\u00e9tude de la continuit\u00e9 historique du couvert forestier. Les chercheurs croisent plusieurs sources : les cartes anciennes (notamment les cartes d\u2019\u00e9tat-major), les cadastres historiques, les archives, ou encore les donn\u00e9es foresti\u00e8res actuelles.\u00a0 En France, la r\u00e9f\u00e9rence la plus utilis\u00e9e correspond aux cartes d\u2019\u00e9tat-major r\u00e9alis\u00e9es entre 1818 et 1866. Si une parcelle \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 bois\u00e9e \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque et qu\u2019elle l\u2019est toujours sur les cartes foresti\u00e8res actuelles, elle est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme for\u00eat ancienne. \u00a0 Des organismes, comme l\u2019Institut national de l\u2019information g\u00e9ographique et foresti\u00e8re (IGN), ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 produire et mettre \u00e0 disposition des donn\u00e9es cartographiques des for\u00eats anciennes \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle nationale.\u00a0 Pourquoi pr\u00e9server les for\u00eats anciennes ? Les recherches scientifiques montrent que la biodiversit\u00e9 et le fonctionnement des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes forestiers sont fortement influenc\u00e9s par leur histoire. L\u2019anciennet\u00e9 du couvert forestier \u2014 le temps pendant lequel un sol est rest\u00e9 bois\u00e9 \u2014 joue donc un r\u00f4le d\u00e9terminant. &#8211; Des refuges pour la biodiversit\u00e9 Les sols des for\u00eats anciennes, rest\u00e9s bois\u00e9s pendant des si\u00e8cles, ont eu le temps de d\u00e9velopper une structure riche et complexe. Ils abritent des micro-organismes sp\u00e9cifiques, des r\u00e9seaux racinaires anciens et des \u00e9quilibres biologiques install\u00e9s de longue date. Ces conditions favorisent une biodiversit\u00e9 souvent plus sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e. Les for\u00eats anciennes peuvent ainsi abriter des esp\u00e8ces qui ont besoin de stabilit\u00e9 sur le long terme. Certaines plantes, bryophytes, lichens, insectes ou champignons poss\u00e8dent des capacit\u00e9s de dispersion limit\u00e9es. Elles colonisent difficilement les for\u00eats r\u00e9centes, surtout lorsque celles-ci sont \u00e9loign\u00e9es d\u2019un massif ancien. Les for\u00eats r\u00e9centes sont au contraire caract\u00e9ris\u00e9es par des esp\u00e8ces \u00e0 forte capacit\u00e9 de colonisation. La reconstitution d\u2019une flore typique de for\u00eat ancienne apr\u00e8s une p\u00e9riode agricole est un processus long, qui peut n\u00e9cessiter plusieurs si\u00e8cles. Cette dynamique d\u00e9pend fortement du paysage environnant ; par exemple plus les for\u00eats anciennes sont proches et connect\u00e9es, plus la recolonisation est possible. Par ailleurs, de nombreuses esp\u00e8ces associ\u00e9es aux for\u00eats anciennes sont sensibles aux pratiques sylvicoles. Les for\u00eats anciennes, qui ont subsist\u00e9, constituent aujourd\u2019hui des zones de biodiversit\u00e9 importantes. Pr\u00e9server ces for\u00eats, c\u2019est garantir le maintien \u00e0 long terme d\u2019esp\u00e8ces sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es et parfois discr\u00e8tes, mais essentielles au fonctionnement des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes forestiers. &#8211; Une m\u00e9moire vivante du paysage Les for\u00eats anciennes racontent l\u2019histoire du territoire. On y retrouve parfois les traces d\u2019anciens usages forestiers, d\u2019activit\u00e9s agro-pastorales, d\u2019anciennes limites cadastrales, de chemins historiques ou d\u2019anciens sites d\u2019habitation. Elles constituent ainsi \u00e0 la fois un patrimoine naturel et un patrimoine culturel. Les usages pass\u00e9s des terres laissent une empreinte durable dans les sols. Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s physiques, chimiques et biologiques peuvent \u00eatre modifi\u00e9es pendant des si\u00e8cles. Cela peut influencer la composition de la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation, la biodiversit\u00e9 foresti\u00e8re, ou encore le fonctionnement global de l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me. Par exemple, d\u2019anciennes pratiques agricoles ou pastorales ont souvent enrichi les sols en azote et en phosphore. Il en r\u00e9sulte une vitesse de croissance et une productivit\u00e9 plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e en for\u00eat r\u00e9cente qu\u2019en for\u00eat ancienne. L\u2019anciennet\u00e9 du couvert forestier influence \u00e9galement les capacit\u00e9s de stockage de carbone dans les sols et la biomasse, un enjeu majeur dans le contexte actuel de changement climatique. Les paysages forestiers conservent la m\u00e9moire de ces usages anciens \u00e0 travers de nombreux indices visibles ou invisibles. Mieux conna\u00eetre cette histoire permet de mieux comprendre la biodiversit\u00e9 actuelle, d\u2019expliquer certaines diff\u00e9rences entre massifs voisins, et d\u2019adapter les pratiques de gestion. Comprendre le pass\u00e9 des for\u00eats, c\u2019est \u00e9galement mieux anticiper leur avenir. Les for\u00eats anciennes de notre territoire La surface foresti\u00e8re du Parc national de for\u00eats \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 importante au milieu du XIX\u1d49 si\u00e8cle. Depuis cette \u00e9poque, elle a l\u00e9g\u00e8rement progress\u00e9, passant d\u2019environ<a href=\"https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/?page_id=4693\" rel=\"bookmark\">Lire la suite &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Les for\u00eats anciennes 2026<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":4714,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"full-width","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"on","neve_meta_content_width":100,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"on","_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4693","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Les for\u00eats anciennes 2026 - Observatoire du Parc national de for\u00eats<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/?page_id=4693\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les for\u00eats anciennes 2026 - Observatoire du Parc national de for\u00eats\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Menu Indicateurs Typologie et surface des for\u00eats Les traitements sylvicoles Les surfaces prot\u00e9g\u00e9es Les \u00eelots de vieux bois Les for\u00eats anciennes La certification foresti\u00e8re \u00c9tudes Le Pic cendr\u00e9 La respiration des sols Ressources Les for\u00eats anciennes dans le Parc national de for\u00eats Le Parc national de for\u00eats 75% de for\u00eats anciennes 75% des for\u00eats actuelles sont des for\u00eats anciennes et le reste sont des for\u00eats r\u00e9centes 94 % de for\u00eats feuillues 94 % des peuplements de for\u00eats anciennes sont compos\u00e9s exclusivement de feuillus 77% de for\u00eats publiques 77 % des for\u00eats anciennes du territoire sont publiques et \u00e0 l\u2019inverse, 79 % des for\u00eats r\u00e9centes sont priv\u00e9es. Pr\u00e9server les for\u00eats anciennes D\u00e9finition Une for\u00eat ancienne est une for\u00eat dont le sol est rest\u00e9 bois\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re continue depuis au moins le milieu du XIXe si\u00e8cle (autour de 1850). Bien qu\u2019elle ait pu \u00eatre exploit\u00e9e entre-temps, elle n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9e en champ, en prairie ou en zone b\u00e2tie depuis cette \u00e9poque.\u00a0 Ainsi, l\u2019anciennet\u00e9 est ind\u00e9pendante de l\u2019\u00e2ge des arbres, de la composition en essences ou encore de la gestion pass\u00e9e ; ce qui compte c\u2019est la continuit\u00e9 du couvert bois\u00e9 d\u2019un sol depuis au moins 1850 (date du minimum forestier). Diff\u00e9rentes initiatives estiment que 30% des for\u00eats m\u00e9tropolitaines seraient anciennes. Ces notions sont souvent confondues, mais il est important de distinguer : For\u00eat ancienne : for\u00eat pr\u00e9sente sans interruption depuis au moins le milieu du XIXe si\u00e8cle. Vieille for\u00eat : for\u00eat contenant de tr\u00e8s vieux arbres et beaucoup de bois mort. For\u00eat primaire : for\u00eat jamais exploit\u00e9e par l\u2019homme. For\u00eat en libre \u00e9volution : for\u00eat laiss\u00e9e sans aucune intervention humaine depuis un certain temps. Concepts et identification &#8211; Une longue histoire foresti\u00e8re Depuis le N\u00e9olithique, les for\u00eats ont connu de grandes phases de d\u00e9boisement et de reboisement, li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9volution des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s humaines : agriculture, \u00e9levage, exploitation du bois, d\u00e9veloppement urbain. En France, la surface foresti\u00e8re a globalement diminu\u00e9 jusqu\u2019au milieu du XIX\u1d49 si\u00e8cle. \u00c0 partir de cette p\u00e9riode \u2014 marqu\u00e9e par l\u2019industrialisation et l\u2019abandon progressif de certaines terres agricoles \u2014 la surface foresti\u00e8re a rapidement augment\u00e9. Cette \u00e9poque correspond au minimum forestier : la surface bois\u00e9e n\u2019avait jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 aussi faible. Ce moment charni\u00e8re sert aujourd\u2019hui de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour distinguer : les for\u00eats anciennes, d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9sentes avant ce minimum, les for\u00eats r\u00e9centes, install\u00e9es apr\u00e8s le milieu du XIX\u1d49 si\u00e8cle, et dans certains cas, des surfaces foresti\u00e8res qui ne sont plus pr\u00e9sentes, et donc d\u00e9bois\u00e9es. &#8211; Comment identifie-t-on une for\u00eat ancienne ? L\u2019identification repose sur l\u2019\u00e9tude de la continuit\u00e9 historique du couvert forestier. Les chercheurs croisent plusieurs sources : les cartes anciennes (notamment les cartes d\u2019\u00e9tat-major), les cadastres historiques, les archives, ou encore les donn\u00e9es foresti\u00e8res actuelles.\u00a0 En France, la r\u00e9f\u00e9rence la plus utilis\u00e9e correspond aux cartes d\u2019\u00e9tat-major r\u00e9alis\u00e9es entre 1818 et 1866. Si une parcelle \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 bois\u00e9e \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque et qu\u2019elle l\u2019est toujours sur les cartes foresti\u00e8res actuelles, elle est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme for\u00eat ancienne. \u00a0 Des organismes, comme l\u2019Institut national de l\u2019information g\u00e9ographique et foresti\u00e8re (IGN), ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 produire et mettre \u00e0 disposition des donn\u00e9es cartographiques des for\u00eats anciennes \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle nationale.\u00a0 Pourquoi pr\u00e9server les for\u00eats anciennes ? Les recherches scientifiques montrent que la biodiversit\u00e9 et le fonctionnement des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes forestiers sont fortement influenc\u00e9s par leur histoire. L\u2019anciennet\u00e9 du couvert forestier \u2014 le temps pendant lequel un sol est rest\u00e9 bois\u00e9 \u2014 joue donc un r\u00f4le d\u00e9terminant. &#8211; Des refuges pour la biodiversit\u00e9 Les sols des for\u00eats anciennes, rest\u00e9s bois\u00e9s pendant des si\u00e8cles, ont eu le temps de d\u00e9velopper une structure riche et complexe. Ils abritent des micro-organismes sp\u00e9cifiques, des r\u00e9seaux racinaires anciens et des \u00e9quilibres biologiques install\u00e9s de longue date. Ces conditions favorisent une biodiversit\u00e9 souvent plus sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e. Les for\u00eats anciennes peuvent ainsi abriter des esp\u00e8ces qui ont besoin de stabilit\u00e9 sur le long terme. Certaines plantes, bryophytes, lichens, insectes ou champignons poss\u00e8dent des capacit\u00e9s de dispersion limit\u00e9es. Elles colonisent difficilement les for\u00eats r\u00e9centes, surtout lorsque celles-ci sont \u00e9loign\u00e9es d\u2019un massif ancien. Les for\u00eats r\u00e9centes sont au contraire caract\u00e9ris\u00e9es par des esp\u00e8ces \u00e0 forte capacit\u00e9 de colonisation. La reconstitution d\u2019une flore typique de for\u00eat ancienne apr\u00e8s une p\u00e9riode agricole est un processus long, qui peut n\u00e9cessiter plusieurs si\u00e8cles. Cette dynamique d\u00e9pend fortement du paysage environnant ; par exemple plus les for\u00eats anciennes sont proches et connect\u00e9es, plus la recolonisation est possible. Par ailleurs, de nombreuses esp\u00e8ces associ\u00e9es aux for\u00eats anciennes sont sensibles aux pratiques sylvicoles. Les for\u00eats anciennes, qui ont subsist\u00e9, constituent aujourd\u2019hui des zones de biodiversit\u00e9 importantes. Pr\u00e9server ces for\u00eats, c\u2019est garantir le maintien \u00e0 long terme d\u2019esp\u00e8ces sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es et parfois discr\u00e8tes, mais essentielles au fonctionnement des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes forestiers. &#8211; Une m\u00e9moire vivante du paysage Les for\u00eats anciennes racontent l\u2019histoire du territoire. On y retrouve parfois les traces d\u2019anciens usages forestiers, d\u2019activit\u00e9s agro-pastorales, d\u2019anciennes limites cadastrales, de chemins historiques ou d\u2019anciens sites d\u2019habitation. Elles constituent ainsi \u00e0 la fois un patrimoine naturel et un patrimoine culturel. Les usages pass\u00e9s des terres laissent une empreinte durable dans les sols. Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s physiques, chimiques et biologiques peuvent \u00eatre modifi\u00e9es pendant des si\u00e8cles. Cela peut influencer la composition de la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation, la biodiversit\u00e9 foresti\u00e8re, ou encore le fonctionnement global de l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me. Par exemple, d\u2019anciennes pratiques agricoles ou pastorales ont souvent enrichi les sols en azote et en phosphore. Il en r\u00e9sulte une vitesse de croissance et une productivit\u00e9 plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e en for\u00eat r\u00e9cente qu\u2019en for\u00eat ancienne. L\u2019anciennet\u00e9 du couvert forestier influence \u00e9galement les capacit\u00e9s de stockage de carbone dans les sols et la biomasse, un enjeu majeur dans le contexte actuel de changement climatique. Les paysages forestiers conservent la m\u00e9moire de ces usages anciens \u00e0 travers de nombreux indices visibles ou invisibles. Mieux conna\u00eetre cette histoire permet de mieux comprendre la biodiversit\u00e9 actuelle, d\u2019expliquer certaines diff\u00e9rences entre massifs voisins, et d\u2019adapter les pratiques de gestion. Comprendre le pass\u00e9 des for\u00eats, c\u2019est \u00e9galement mieux anticiper leur avenir. Les for\u00eats anciennes de notre territoire La surface foresti\u00e8re du Parc national de for\u00eats \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 importante au milieu du XIX\u1d49 si\u00e8cle. Depuis cette \u00e9poque, elle a l\u00e9g\u00e8rement progress\u00e9, passant d\u2019environLire la suite &raquo;Les for\u00eats anciennes 2026\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/?page_id=4693\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Observatoire du Parc national de for\u00eats\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-05T13:02:20+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/foret-ancienne-removebg-e1780060795201-ro68bjn62k4g9x54lme6gh7iml6pj5hx2gnwiprxt4.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"13 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/?page_id=4693\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/?page_id=4693\",\"name\":\"Les for\u00eats anciennes 2026 - 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Observatoire du Parc national de for\u00eats","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/?page_id=4693","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Les for\u00eats anciennes 2026 - Observatoire du Parc national de for\u00eats","og_description":"Menu Indicateurs Typologie et surface des for\u00eats Les traitements sylvicoles Les surfaces prot\u00e9g\u00e9es Les \u00eelots de vieux bois Les for\u00eats anciennes La certification foresti\u00e8re \u00c9tudes Le Pic cendr\u00e9 La respiration des sols Ressources Les for\u00eats anciennes dans le Parc national de for\u00eats Le Parc national de for\u00eats 75% de for\u00eats anciennes 75% des for\u00eats actuelles sont des for\u00eats anciennes et le reste sont des for\u00eats r\u00e9centes 94 % de for\u00eats feuillues 94 % des peuplements de for\u00eats anciennes sont compos\u00e9s exclusivement de feuillus 77% de for\u00eats publiques 77 % des for\u00eats anciennes du territoire sont publiques et \u00e0 l\u2019inverse, 79 % des for\u00eats r\u00e9centes sont priv\u00e9es. Pr\u00e9server les for\u00eats anciennes D\u00e9finition Une for\u00eat ancienne est une for\u00eat dont le sol est rest\u00e9 bois\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re continue depuis au moins le milieu du XIXe si\u00e8cle (autour de 1850). Bien qu\u2019elle ait pu \u00eatre exploit\u00e9e entre-temps, elle n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9e en champ, en prairie ou en zone b\u00e2tie depuis cette \u00e9poque.\u00a0 Ainsi, l\u2019anciennet\u00e9 est ind\u00e9pendante de l\u2019\u00e2ge des arbres, de la composition en essences ou encore de la gestion pass\u00e9e ; ce qui compte c\u2019est la continuit\u00e9 du couvert bois\u00e9 d\u2019un sol depuis au moins 1850 (date du minimum forestier). Diff\u00e9rentes initiatives estiment que 30% des for\u00eats m\u00e9tropolitaines seraient anciennes. Ces notions sont souvent confondues, mais il est important de distinguer : For\u00eat ancienne : for\u00eat pr\u00e9sente sans interruption depuis au moins le milieu du XIXe si\u00e8cle. Vieille for\u00eat : for\u00eat contenant de tr\u00e8s vieux arbres et beaucoup de bois mort. For\u00eat primaire : for\u00eat jamais exploit\u00e9e par l\u2019homme. For\u00eat en libre \u00e9volution : for\u00eat laiss\u00e9e sans aucune intervention humaine depuis un certain temps. Concepts et identification &#8211; Une longue histoire foresti\u00e8re Depuis le N\u00e9olithique, les for\u00eats ont connu de grandes phases de d\u00e9boisement et de reboisement, li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9volution des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s humaines : agriculture, \u00e9levage, exploitation du bois, d\u00e9veloppement urbain. En France, la surface foresti\u00e8re a globalement diminu\u00e9 jusqu\u2019au milieu du XIX\u1d49 si\u00e8cle. \u00c0 partir de cette p\u00e9riode \u2014 marqu\u00e9e par l\u2019industrialisation et l\u2019abandon progressif de certaines terres agricoles \u2014 la surface foresti\u00e8re a rapidement augment\u00e9. Cette \u00e9poque correspond au minimum forestier : la surface bois\u00e9e n\u2019avait jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 aussi faible. Ce moment charni\u00e8re sert aujourd\u2019hui de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour distinguer : les for\u00eats anciennes, d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9sentes avant ce minimum, les for\u00eats r\u00e9centes, install\u00e9es apr\u00e8s le milieu du XIX\u1d49 si\u00e8cle, et dans certains cas, des surfaces foresti\u00e8res qui ne sont plus pr\u00e9sentes, et donc d\u00e9bois\u00e9es. &#8211; Comment identifie-t-on une for\u00eat ancienne ? L\u2019identification repose sur l\u2019\u00e9tude de la continuit\u00e9 historique du couvert forestier. Les chercheurs croisent plusieurs sources : les cartes anciennes (notamment les cartes d\u2019\u00e9tat-major), les cadastres historiques, les archives, ou encore les donn\u00e9es foresti\u00e8res actuelles.\u00a0 En France, la r\u00e9f\u00e9rence la plus utilis\u00e9e correspond aux cartes d\u2019\u00e9tat-major r\u00e9alis\u00e9es entre 1818 et 1866. Si une parcelle \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 bois\u00e9e \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque et qu\u2019elle l\u2019est toujours sur les cartes foresti\u00e8res actuelles, elle est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme for\u00eat ancienne. \u00a0 Des organismes, comme l\u2019Institut national de l\u2019information g\u00e9ographique et foresti\u00e8re (IGN), ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 produire et mettre \u00e0 disposition des donn\u00e9es cartographiques des for\u00eats anciennes \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle nationale.\u00a0 Pourquoi pr\u00e9server les for\u00eats anciennes ? Les recherches scientifiques montrent que la biodiversit\u00e9 et le fonctionnement des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes forestiers sont fortement influenc\u00e9s par leur histoire. L\u2019anciennet\u00e9 du couvert forestier \u2014 le temps pendant lequel un sol est rest\u00e9 bois\u00e9 \u2014 joue donc un r\u00f4le d\u00e9terminant. &#8211; Des refuges pour la biodiversit\u00e9 Les sols des for\u00eats anciennes, rest\u00e9s bois\u00e9s pendant des si\u00e8cles, ont eu le temps de d\u00e9velopper une structure riche et complexe. Ils abritent des micro-organismes sp\u00e9cifiques, des r\u00e9seaux racinaires anciens et des \u00e9quilibres biologiques install\u00e9s de longue date. Ces conditions favorisent une biodiversit\u00e9 souvent plus sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e. Les for\u00eats anciennes peuvent ainsi abriter des esp\u00e8ces qui ont besoin de stabilit\u00e9 sur le long terme. Certaines plantes, bryophytes, lichens, insectes ou champignons poss\u00e8dent des capacit\u00e9s de dispersion limit\u00e9es. Elles colonisent difficilement les for\u00eats r\u00e9centes, surtout lorsque celles-ci sont \u00e9loign\u00e9es d\u2019un massif ancien. Les for\u00eats r\u00e9centes sont au contraire caract\u00e9ris\u00e9es par des esp\u00e8ces \u00e0 forte capacit\u00e9 de colonisation. La reconstitution d\u2019une flore typique de for\u00eat ancienne apr\u00e8s une p\u00e9riode agricole est un processus long, qui peut n\u00e9cessiter plusieurs si\u00e8cles. Cette dynamique d\u00e9pend fortement du paysage environnant ; par exemple plus les for\u00eats anciennes sont proches et connect\u00e9es, plus la recolonisation est possible. Par ailleurs, de nombreuses esp\u00e8ces associ\u00e9es aux for\u00eats anciennes sont sensibles aux pratiques sylvicoles. Les for\u00eats anciennes, qui ont subsist\u00e9, constituent aujourd\u2019hui des zones de biodiversit\u00e9 importantes. Pr\u00e9server ces for\u00eats, c\u2019est garantir le maintien \u00e0 long terme d\u2019esp\u00e8ces sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es et parfois discr\u00e8tes, mais essentielles au fonctionnement des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes forestiers. &#8211; Une m\u00e9moire vivante du paysage Les for\u00eats anciennes racontent l\u2019histoire du territoire. On y retrouve parfois les traces d\u2019anciens usages forestiers, d\u2019activit\u00e9s agro-pastorales, d\u2019anciennes limites cadastrales, de chemins historiques ou d\u2019anciens sites d\u2019habitation. Elles constituent ainsi \u00e0 la fois un patrimoine naturel et un patrimoine culturel. Les usages pass\u00e9s des terres laissent une empreinte durable dans les sols. Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s physiques, chimiques et biologiques peuvent \u00eatre modifi\u00e9es pendant des si\u00e8cles. Cela peut influencer la composition de la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation, la biodiversit\u00e9 foresti\u00e8re, ou encore le fonctionnement global de l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me. Par exemple, d\u2019anciennes pratiques agricoles ou pastorales ont souvent enrichi les sols en azote et en phosphore. Il en r\u00e9sulte une vitesse de croissance et une productivit\u00e9 plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e en for\u00eat r\u00e9cente qu\u2019en for\u00eat ancienne. L\u2019anciennet\u00e9 du couvert forestier influence \u00e9galement les capacit\u00e9s de stockage de carbone dans les sols et la biomasse, un enjeu majeur dans le contexte actuel de changement climatique. Les paysages forestiers conservent la m\u00e9moire de ces usages anciens \u00e0 travers de nombreux indices visibles ou invisibles. Mieux conna\u00eetre cette histoire permet de mieux comprendre la biodiversit\u00e9 actuelle, d\u2019expliquer certaines diff\u00e9rences entre massifs voisins, et d\u2019adapter les pratiques de gestion. Comprendre le pass\u00e9 des for\u00eats, c\u2019est \u00e9galement mieux anticiper leur avenir. Les for\u00eats anciennes de notre territoire La surface foresti\u00e8re du Parc national de for\u00eats \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 importante au milieu du XIX\u1d49 si\u00e8cle. Depuis cette \u00e9poque, elle a l\u00e9g\u00e8rement progress\u00e9, passant d\u2019environLire la suite &raquo;Les for\u00eats anciennes 2026","og_url":"https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/?page_id=4693","og_site_name":"Observatoire du Parc national de for\u00eats","article_modified_time":"2026-06-05T13:02:20+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/foret-ancienne-removebg-e1780060795201-ro68bjn62k4g9x54lme6gh7iml6pj5hx2gnwiprxt4.png","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"13 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/?page_id=4693","url":"https:\/\/observatoire.forets-parcnational.fr\/?page_id=4693","name":"Les for\u00eats anciennes 2026 - Observatoire du Parc national de 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